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He told the soldiers they were building a nation that would see children going to school, an improvement in health and employment and general living conditions.
Afghan assignment: life with Australian troops
He says the ANA soldiers don't need to be taught to be warriors; they've been at war for decades. He says where the ANA has taken the lead role it is working effectively. Now, mentoring is required in the areas of organisation and training.
There's also a focus now on developing the Afghan police force so that the Afghan Armed Forces can step back from providing day-to-day security. That has lagged behind the mentoring and development of the armed forces. The concerns centre mainly on the Afghan Local Police. Locals are recruited to provide a police role if the ANA and the Afghan National Police are not in sufficient numbers to do so. In , the United Nations reported major concerns with the process, including inappropriate influence by local powerbrokers and violence and intimidation by Afghan Local Police forces in some areas.
The International Security Assistance Force ISAF responded by promising to improve conduct, accountability and oversight of the Local Police through closer mentoring, training and more stringent vetting and recruitment processes. Defence Authorities say those issues will ultimately be resolved. For the people of Afghanistan those issues won't be resolved soon enough. At a recent NATO conference in Chicago in May, governments committed to long-term support beyond withdrawal at the end of The challenges are many.
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Stability and development go hand in hand and stability in Afghanistan will be a very long-term task. While improvements have been made, they started from a very low base. I've been told there are six times more schools than there were a decade ago. However, Afghanistan still has one of the lowest literacy rates in the world, one in ten children die before the age of five and the drug trade makes up 30 per cent of the economy, helping fund the insurgency.
Any social, economic or security programs will need to be sustainable and in a country where about 60 per cent of men and 90 per cent of women don't read and reliable electricity is often a problem, things like computer-based management or inventory systems won't be a sustainable solution. Increasing literacy is a challenge. According to Lt Col Cox, ANA soldiers are being taught to read, but in a country steeped in conflict, if you congregate soldiers you create a target.
So schools for the military are not an option and reading programs are being developed for the field. Any solutions must be designed in a way that can be maintained and developed within the resources available. Accommodation at the Australian Base, Camp Baker, is designed to withstand a rocket attack. For me, that meant staying in bed for a few more minutes before getting up to report to the wardens, who were accounting for people in a room-to-room check, that I was on the base and unhurt. The rocket exploded near enough to the camp to be heard but not seen.
No-one was hurt. Australian troops are based in Kandahar, Uruzgan province and Kabul. When you arrive at each location every person must undergo a brief on the risks, threats and procedures for that location. The frequency of attacks can range from 10 blasts in one night to several weeks apart. I was told the blasts seem to be coming further apart which could indicate that the coalition is getting better at intercepting the fire.
The hospital is impressive. Run and staffed by members of the coalition, including Australians, it has an exceptional treatment capacity. If a wounded soldier arrives at the hospital with a heartbeat they have a 99 per cent chance of survival. We arrived on coloured-shirt day.
The medical staff in this hospital deal with some very traumatic injuries and it can be tough.
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They look for opportunities to give people a lift. Coloured-shirt day is one of them. The hospital deals with all sorts of medical requirements from diagnostics to surgery, optical and dental health, and has a comprehensive mental health department as well. It also treats the important military dogs that work with the troops in Afghanistan. It provides medical and psychological treatment for them too. After that we went to the Wounded Warrior Project where recovering soldiers can access all the medical services they need during rehabilitation.
John had miraculously survived a rocket attack on a lookout post he was standing in.
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He received shrapnel wounds to the face but was otherwise unhurt. Three other people around him were injured, including a young man whose back was broken when he was hurled against a wall. John was reasonably unhurt physically but seemed to be still coming to terms with the shock of the experience.
It's the second time he's been wounded in action on this deployment. Several weeks ago he was on patrol when one of his friends stood on an improvised explosive device, which resulted in devastating injuries including the loss of his legs.
Afghan assignment: life with Australian troops - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)
John and his team tried to save their mate, but his injuries were too severe and they couldn't keep him alive. When John phoned his mum to tell her he'd been injured a second time it was too much for her and she refused to answer the phone. I asked John if he would deploy again. He said, "I definitely want to. Q Are troops involved in any community work other than peacekeeping? What do the Australian or allied forces do to help build the local communities' trust? It's a significant element of the peacekeeping and stabilisation effort in Uruzgan province.
Afghanistan started from a very low base when the coalition first arrived. There have been improvements but even after 10 years it still has one of the lowest literacy rates in the world, one in 10 children will die before the age of five, and 30 per cent of the economy is derived from the drug trade, which helps to fund insurgents. Uruzgan province, where the Australian Mentoring Taskforce is based, along with the United States and some Singaporean and Slovakian troops, is one of the poorest and most disadvantaged provinces in Afghanistan.
In the past, it's received very little attention from the government in Kabul. The Provincial Reconstruction Team is working to foster local and provincial government and build links between them and Kabul. It's mentoring governance and transparency and accountability, and helping develop schools, health services, agriculture and to open up reliable roadways so farmers can take their produce to market which will assist in building the economy.
The military is applying its considerable expertise and resources to those infrastructure tasks, employing local builders but requiring building safety standards. There are now schools; there were Across the country the gains are slow. I haven't met with locally based aid organisations so I haven't been able to gauge their assessment of the work. I'll be interested to follow that up after the embed. There are many challenges and it is very long-term work. The biggest challenge will be making the improvements sustainable after the coalition mentors withdraw at the end of Defence authorities say it has envisaged support will continue in various forms after that.
Q What is the relationship like between the Afghan troops and the Australian troops? One Australian officer I spoke to mentors leadership to an Afghani officer. This land-locked country has been invaded for thousands of years. They do need mentoring in organisation, logistics, tactics and so on. But those skills will never be sustainable if the coalition tries to impose western methods like a one-size-fits-all solution.
The western approach must be tailored to fit the Afghan people and the resources available to them and it must take into account local solutions that currently work, or adjust local solutions that could work better with western input. In Uruzgan province, for instance, there is very little electricity available, so a computerised inventory system is not sustainable. Q Do you trust the afghans you work beside? There are a few reports of Taliban insiders. However, Defence authorities say the reasons for 'green on blue' attacks are complicated and often relate to complex cultural sensitivities that may have been inadvertently triggered.
Processes have been put in place by both armies to try to minimise the risks and both armies are on alert for them.
Q What are some moments they've experienced friendship or gratitude from Afghan civilians? Conversely, what are some moments they've experienced resentment and hostility from Afghans, apart from actual violence? Were there any conscientious objectors to the Afghanistan operation? Was anyone considering conscientiously objecting? What are the best and utter worst parts of their job?